NAD+
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the essential pyridine nucleotide powering 500+ enzymatic reactions: sirtuins (DNA repair), PARPs (damage response), CD38 (immune), mitochondrial ETC. Levels decline 50% by age 50, linking to aging, fatigue, metabolic disease. Research via precursors (NMN/NR/NR-HCl) restores 2–10x levels.
Core Role: Redox carrier + signaling molecule.
Mechanism & Decline
Depleters: Aging, overeating, alcohol, inflammation.
NAD Boosters Comparison
| Precursor | Conversion Steps | Oral Bioavail | IGF-1 Impact | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NMN | 1 (NAMPT) | High | Neutral | $$ |
| NR | 2 (NRK) | High | Neutral | $$$ |
| NR-HCl | 2 | Highest | Neutral | $$ |
| NMNH | Direct reduced | Emerging | ? | $$$ |
| IV NAD | 100% | IV | High | $$$$ |
Research Evidence
| Outcome | Studies (Human/Animal) |
|---|---|
| Longevity | Mice +8–15% lifespan (NR/NMN, Cell Metab). |
| Muscle/Endurance | VO2max ↑12%, mito biogenesis (NR 1000mg, J Gerontol). |
| Cognition | NAD+ ↑ → amyloid ↓, memory (Alzheimer models). |
| Metabolism | Insulin sensitivity ↑25% (NMN 250mg, Science). |
| Skin | Collagen ↑, wrinkles ↓ (topical NR). |
Protocols by Goal
| Goal | Booster/Dose (mg/day) | Form/Timing | Cycle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-Aging | NMN 500–1000 | Sublingual AM | Continuous |
| Energy/Mito | NR 300–600 | w/ TMG 500mg | 12w on/2w off |
| Neuro | NR-HCl 500 BID | Fasted | 8–12 weeks |
| Performance | NMN 1000 + Resv 500 | Pre-WO | Loading 2w |
| IV Therapy | 500–1000mg/session | Clinic 1–2x/week | 10 sessions |
Stacks:
- NAD Trio: NMN + NR + TMG (methyl donor).
- Sirtuin: +Resveratrol/PTerostilbene.
- MitoQ/SS-31: Synergy.
Benefits Breakdown
- Energy/Recovery: ATP production ↑.
- DNA Repair: SIRT1/PARP activation.
- Metabolism: AMPK, fat oxidation.
- Neuroprotection: NAD/NADH ratio.
- Longevity: Epigenetic clocks rewind.
Side Effects & Safety
| Common (Mild) | High-Dose (>2g) | Mitigation |
|---|---|---|
| Flushing, nausea | Insomnia, anxiety | Split doses, sublingual |
| GI upset | Methyl trap | TMG/betaine |
- LD50: >5g/kg; human safe to 2g.
Advanced Delivery
| Method | Absorption | Cost | Convenience |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sublingual | 70–90% | Low | High |
| Liposomal | 80% | Medium | High |
| IV | 100% | High | Clinic |
| Patch | Emerging | Medium | Passive |
Status & Optimization
- UK/EU: NMN/NR supplements legal (post-EU ban lift).
- Precursors: Tru Niagen (NR), ProHealth (NMN).
- Testing: Jinfiniti NAD test kit.
Disclaimer: Supplements; lab monitoring for high-dose.
| QUANTITY | 500mg, 1000mg |
|---|
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